How can I use knowledge of the learner to be a better teacher?

I can grow as a teacher by noting the different interests and learning styles of students, and try to match instruction to them. It is best to use strategies that actively involve the students' minds, and lead to active discussion rather than passive listening. We have used various techniques in our EDU 101 class, such as arranging the seating, working on collaborative projects, and interactive classroom discussions and presentations. It would also help to establish a good dialogue with the students' parents.
I need to establish a clearer idea of the psychology and stages of students in the age range I would be teaching, so that I can be better prepared to productively engage their attention.